Controlling the number of leaves and stems in tomato plants

 

The most effective way to control the number of leaves and stems on your tomato plants is through pruning. The specific pruning technique you use will depend on whether you are growing determinate or indeterminate varieties.

1. Indeterminate varieties

 

    Remove suckers: These are side shoots that grow in the “V” between the main stem and the leaves.

    Pinch them off when they are small (2-4 inches long) with your fingers to minimize scarring.

    For larger suckers, use sharp, clean pruning shears to cut them cleanly at the base, close to the main stem but without damaging it.

    The goal is to maintain one or two main stems, according to Gardening With Sharon.

    Remove lower leaves: As the plant grows taller, remove leaves on the lower portion of the stem, especially those touching the ground. This improves airflow and reduces the risk of soil-borne diseases.

    Topping: About 4 weeks before the first expected frost, pinch off the growing tip of each main stem. This redirects the plant's energy towards ripening existing fruit rather than producing new growth.

 

2. Determinate varieties

 

    Limited pruning: Determinate varieties are bush-type plants with a set growth and fruiting period.

    Limit pruning to removing only the bottom leaves that touch the soil and any small suckers below the first flower cluster.

    Heavy pruning can reduce your harvest from determinate varieties.

 

3. General tips

 

    Prune on dry days: To prevent the spread of diseases, prune in the morning when the leaves are dry.

    Use clean tools: Regularly clean and disinfect your pruning shears with rubbing alcohol or a bleach solution to avoid spreading diseases between plants.

    Don't over-prune: Removing too many leaves can stress the plant and reduce its ability to photosynthesize, which can impact fruit production. The Beginner's Garden with Jill McSheehy says you should not remove more than a third of the plant's foliage at a time.

    Monitor for pests and diseases: Pruning improves visibility, making it easier to spot and address any issues.

 

Note: Different tomato varieties may respond differently to pruning. It's always a good idea to research the specific needs of the varieties you are growing to achieve optimal results.