ES valstybės pagaliau priima dirbtinio intelekto įstatymą

„Antradienį valstybės narės susitarė reguliuoti dirbtinį intelektą ES. Taisyklėmis siekiama, kad dirbtinio intelekto naudojimas Europoje būtų saugesnis.

 

 ES valstybės nusprendė dėl griežtesnių dirbtinio intelekto (AI) taisyklių Europos Sąjungoje. Antradienį Briuselyje jie sutiko su planais, kurie, be kita ko, visiškai uždraus tam tikras dirbtinio intelekto programas, kaip paskelbė šalys. Tai pirmasis tokio pobūdžio įstatymas visame pasaulyje ir gali nustatyti pasaulinį dirbtinio intelekto reguliavimo standartą.

 

 Įstatymu siekiama, kad dirbtinio intelekto naudojimas Europos Sąjungoje būtų saugesnis. Siekiama užtikrinti, kad dirbtinio intelekto sistemos būtų kuo skaidresnės, suprantamesnės, nediskriminacinės ir ekologiškesnės. Svarbus aspektas yra tai, kad dirbtinio intelekto sistemas stebi žmonės, o ne tik kitos technologijos.

 

 ES nėra „socialinio balo“

 

 Planai remiasi ES Komisijos pasiūlymu nuo 2021 m. Sistemos, kurios laikomos ypač rizikingomis ir naudojamos, pavyzdžiui, ypatingos svarbos infrastruktūroje arba švietimo ir sveikatos priežiūros srityse, ateityje turės atitikti griežtus reikalavimus.

 

 Tam tikros AI programos, pažeidžiančios ES vertybes, turėtų būti visiškai uždraustos.

 

 Tai apima, pavyzdžiui, socialinio elgesio vertinimą („socialinis balas“). Kinijoje piliečiai skirstomi į elgesio kategorijas. Taip pat neturėtų būti emocijų pripažinimo darbo vietoje ar švietimo įstaigose ES.

 

 Veido atpažinimas viešosiose erdvėse, pavyzdžiui, stebint vaizdo kamerą viešose vietose, paprastai neturėtų būti leidžiamas. Tačiau yra išimčių: policijai ir kitoms saugumo institucijoms turėtų būti leista naudoti tokį veido atpažinimą viešose erdvėse, kad būtų persekiojami labai specifiniai nusikaltimai, tokie, kaip prekyba žmonėmis ar terorizmas.

 

 Skaitmeninės asociacijos „Bitkom“ kritika

 

 Įstatymas taikomas visiems, kurie kuria, siūlo ar naudoja dirbtinio intelekto sistemas ES. Tai turi įtakos viešiesiems ir privatiems subjektams tiek ES, tiek už jos ribų.

 

 Skaitmeninė asociacija „Bitkom“ kritikavo tai, kad dabar priimtas AI įstatymas palieka neatsakytus svarbius klausimus. Vokietijoje ir kitose ES šalyse reguliavimo darbai tik prasideda, sakė asociacijos prezidentas Ralfas Wintergerstas. Tai, ar dirbtinis intelektas sulauks postūmio Vokietijoje ir Europoje, ar, svarbiausia, susidurs su naujomis kliūtimis, labai priklauso nuo to, kaip ši sistema bus sukurta ir kaip Vokietijoje bus įgyvendintos taisyklės.

 

 Federalinis skaitmeninių technologijų ministras Volkeris Wissingas antradienį pripažino, kad įstatymų leidėjui bus nuolatinis iššūkis tokia sparčiai besikeičianti technologija, kaip AI. „Negalime tikėtis, kad būsimus klausimus pagaliau išaiškinsime reglamentu“, – sakė FDP politikas. „Štai kodėl aš visada pasisakiau už tai, kad greitai eitume reguliavimo keliu, bet taip pat turėtume drąsos nuolat keistis. Svarbu, kad visada būtų atsižvelgta į reglamento draugiškumą naujovėms."

 

 Gavus patvirtinimą iš ES šalių, naujos taisyklės dabar bus paskelbtos Oficialiajame leidinyje ir įsigalios po 20 dienų. Tada jos turėtų būti taikomos, iki praeis dveji metai nuo jų įsigaliojimo.

 

 Jei įmonės nesilaiko taisyklių, valstybės narės turi nuspręsti dėl sankcijų. Tai gali apimti baudas. Privatūs asmenys, pastebėję taisyklių pažeidimus, gali skųstis nacionalinėms institucijoms. Tada jos gali pradėti stebėjimo procedūras ir, jei reikia, skirti nuobaudas.“ [1]

 

1. EU-Staaten beschließen KI-Gesetz endgültig. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (online) Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH. May 21, 2024.

EU states finally pass AI law

"On Tuesday, the member states agreed to regulate artificial intelligence in the EU. The rules are intended to make the use of AI safer in Europe.

 

The EU states have decided on stricter rules for artificial intelligence (AI) in the European Union. On Tuesday in Brussels, they approved the plans, which, among other things, will ban certain AI applications altogether, the countries announced. It is the first law of its kind around the world and could set a global standard for the regulation of AI.

 

The law aims to make the use of AI in the European Union safer. It is intended to ensure that AI systems are as transparent, traceable, non-discriminatory and environmentally friendly as possible. An important aspect is that the AI ​​systems are monitored by people and not just by other technologies.

 

No "social scoring" in the EU

 

The plans go back to a proposal by the EU Commission in 2021. Systems that are considered particularly risky and are used, for example, in critical infrastructures or in education and healthcare will have to meet strict requirements in the future.

 

Certain AI applications that violate EU values ​​are to be banned entirely.

 

This includes, for example, the assessment of social behavior ("social scoring"). In China, this is used to classify citizens into behavioral categories. Emotion recognition in the workplace and in educational institutions should also not be possible in the EU.

 

Facial recognition in public spaces - for example through video surveillance in public places - should also generally not be permitted. However, there are exceptions: the police and other security authorities should be allowed to use such facial recognition in public spaces to prosecute very specific crimes such as human trafficking or terrorism.

 

Criticism from the digital association Bitkom

 

The law applies to everyone who develops, offers or uses AI systems within the EU. This affects public and private actors both inside and outside the EU.

 

The digital association Bitkom criticized the fact that the AI ​​law that has now been passed leaves important questions unanswered. In Germany and the other EU countries, the regulatory work is only just beginning, said association president Ralf Wintergerst. Whether AI will receive a boost in Germany and Europe or, above all, will face new obstacles depends crucially on how this framework is designed and the regulations are implemented in Germany.

 

Federal Digital Minister Volker Wissing admitted on Tuesday that the legislator is permanently challenged with a technology as rapidly changing as AI. "We cannot expect that we can conclusively clarify the questions of the future with a regulation," said the FDP politician. "That is why I have always been in favor of quickly setting out on the path to regulation, but also having the courage to continuously make adjustments." It is important that the innovation-friendliness of the regulation is always kept in mind.

 

After confirmation by the EU countries, the new rules will now be published in the Official Journal and will come into force 20 days later. They will then apply two years after they come into force.

 

If companies do not comply with the regulations, the member states must decide on sanctions. These can be fines. Private individuals who discover violations of the rules can complain to national authorities, who can then initiate monitoring procedures and, if necessary, impose penalties." [1]

1. EU-Staaten beschließen KI-Gesetz endgültig. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (online) Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH. May 21, 2024.

Do you Still Like The Comedy Presented by Ukraine's Zelenski? German companies don't like since they are falling behind the competition

 

 The price of this comedy are sanctions on cheap Russian energy and inability of compete for German companies without that cheap energy.

 

"Only a few sectors are reporting a better situation in the first quarter compared to the end of 2023. Associations are calling for reforms because of the companies' predicament.

 

According to the Ifo Institute, the competitive position of German industry in the EU and on the world markets has been deteriorating for two years. 

 

The Munich-based researchers announced this on Tuesday in response to evaluations from their monthly survey. Within the EU, companies have reported that they are falling behind in terms of competitive position since the third quarter of 2022. The same applies to the world markets without the EU, where this development had already begun in the first quarter of 2022. "It is becoming more difficult for German industry to hold its own in the competition," said Klaus Wohlrabe, head of the Ifo surveys.

 

Almost all sectors in industry reported that their competitive position had worsened in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the end of 2023. The only exceptions to this are the pharmaceutical industry and manufacturers of wood products (excluding furniture).

 

Looking at the markets outside the EU, all sectors except the beverage industry reported a worse competitive position than in the last quarter of 2023. According to Ifo, more and more German companies are also seeing themselves under pressure domestically. Until the end of 2022, there was almost always a tendency for the majority of companies to hold their own well on the domestic market. "This changed a year ago," it said.

 

Business lobby associations have also recently increasingly complained about excessive costs and burdens on Germany as a business location. 

 

They are calling for, for example, a reform of corporate taxes, faster administrative procedures and the reduction of bureaucracy.

 

Reuters" [1]

1. Deutsche Unternehmen fallen hinter Konkurrenz zurück. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (online) Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH. May 21, 2024.