"Hiring slowed in June but wages rose
and unemployment fell, likely keeping the Federal Reserve on track to raise
interest rates later this month to combat inflation.
U.S. employers added 209,000 workers
in June, a solid monthly gain but down from May's revised 306,000. In the first
half of this year, payrolls grew by an average of 278,000 a month, down from
nearly 400,000 last year.
The unemployment rate fell to 3.6%
last month from 3.7% in May. Employers ramped up wages as they competed for a
limited pool of workers. Average hourly earnings grew 4.4% in June from a year
earlier, matching gains in the preceding two months and remaining well above
the pace before the pandemic.
Rapid wage growth contributes to
stubbornly high inflation, said Sean Snaith, director of the University of
Central Florida's Institute for Economic Forecasting.
"The Fed still has a
significant way to go in the fight against inflation," Snaith said.
"We're in this long grind phase, and it's going to take persistence in
terms of keeping interest rates high."
The latest jobs and wage data add to
evidence that economic activity hasn't slowed as much as Fed officials
expected, and it leaves them likely to lift interest rates to a 22-year high at
their July 25-26 meeting.
Inflation has eased from its recent peak a year ago
but remains roughly double the Fed's 2% target.
Major stock indexes ended Friday
lower, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average falling 187.38 points, or 0.6%.
The S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite indexes both edged lower. All three
indexes fell for the week, as a stretch of strong economic figures has
bolstered investors' expectations of further Fed rate rises.
The strong data has driven up
Treasury yields, with the yield on the 10-year Treasury note rising to 4.047%,
notching its largest one-week yield gain since May. The yield on the two-year
Treasury note rose for a fifth consecutive week to 4.931%.
Fed officials have signaled that
other recent signs of strong economic growth and price pressures make a rate
rise very likely after they held rates steady in June.
Better-paid workers spent more on
travel, dining out and ballgames in the first half of the year. Others bought
new cars. The economy expanded at a solid 2% annual rate in the first quarter,
and many economists estimate similar growth for the April-through-June period.
Friday's jobs figures do little to
resolve a debate likely to occur at the coming Fed meeting over when and
whether officials should raise rates again, including at their subsequent
gathering in September.
The economy will likely slow further
in the second half of this year, as the Fed's interest-rate hikes bite,
consumers run through savings and student loan repayments restart, said Bill
Adams, chief economist for Comerica Bank.
"It still seems likely that the
economy's next move is a step down," Adams said.
Employment grew each month for 2 1/2
years, but June's gain was the smallest during that time. Healthcare,
construction and government employers added jobs last month.
Black Bear Crane, a crane and
rigging company based in Hermon, Maine, needs more crane operators to lift
objects such as heating and cooling units onto buildings, said Tony DelMonaco,
the company's co-owner. The 10-person business also wants to hire more truck
drivers to haul materials.
Far fewer workers apply to Black
Bear Crane compared with before the pandemic hit, DelMonaco said. One of the
company's job ads is still sitting on Indeed.com, unfilled after two years and
receiving only an applicant every month or two, he said.
Black Bear Crane sometimes turns
down business because of a lack of workers. The company generated about $2.5
million in revenue last year, roughly $1 million short of what it could have
made with sufficient staffing, DelMonaco said.
"We can't keep up," he
said. "If we could add more people, we could add more cranes and grow that
way. But trying to find qualified people to do it is the problem."
Several factors contribute to
persistent hiring, including employers' playing catch-up from the pandemic and
longer-term forces shaping Americans' lives.
State and local governments, which
struggled to find staff for much of the pandemic, snatched up workers last
month. Government employment grew at well over twice its 2022 pace in the first
half of this year, as public schools and hospitals and transit systems added
workers.
Private hospitals and nursing homes
also need more workers to serve the fast-growing elderly population. Healthcare
added 41,000 jobs in June.
Residential-home builders are
clinging to labor despite higher interest rates because of a chronic shortage
of available housing. And industrial and infrastructure businesses continue to
snap up workers for projects related to electric-vehicle batteries and
semiconductors.
The labor market is cooling in some
corners.
Restaurants and bars slashed jobs in
June for the first time since late 2020, after powering the U.S. labor market's
pandemic rebound. Employment declined at businesses that deliver and sell
goods, including retailers and companies in transportation and warehousing.
The number of people working part
time because they can't find full-time work jumped by nearly half a million in
June. The Labor Department said the jump partially reflects more workers saying
their hours were cut due to slower business conditions.
The labor-force participation rate,
or the share of Americans who are working or actively seeking jobs, remains
well below the February 2020 level of 63.3%, just before the pandemic hit. That
largely reflects the aging U.S. population and is triggering persistent labor
shortages.
However, the strong labor market is
drawing in younger workers. The labor-force-participation rate for Americans
ages 25 to 54 rose in June to the highest level since 2002.
Other data show initial applications
for unemployment benefits, which are a proxy for layoffs, are up about 20% from
the start of the year. Tech-industry job cuts dominated at the start of 2023
and included Facebook parent Meta Platforms, Google parent Alphabet and
Microsoft. The pain extended to other parts of the economy as retailers, manufacturers,
media companies and financial firms all announced cuts." [1]