“Sudan's military government has offered Russia what would be its first naval base in Africa and an unprecedented perch overlooking critical Red Sea trade routes, according to Sudanese officials.
The deal, if it happens, would be a strategic advantage for Moscow, which has struggled to deepen its foothold on the continent. It would be a troubling development for the U.S., which has sought to keep Russia and China from controlling African ports where they could rearm and refit warships and, potentially, choke off vital sea lanes.
Under a 25-year plan Sudan's military government presented to Russian officials in October, Moscow would have the right to station up to 300 troops and dock as many as four warships -- including nuclear-powered ones -- at Port Sudan or another, yet-to-be-named Red Sea facility, the officials said. The Kremlin also would get the inside track on lucrative mining concessions in Sudan, the third-largest gold producer in Africa.
From Port Sudan, Moscow would be well-placed to monitor maritime traffic to and from the Suez Canal, the shortcut between Europe and Asia that carries about 12% of global trade.
In exchange for allowing Russian forces the long-term use of its territory, the Sudanese officials said the country's beleaguered military regime would get advanced Russian antiaircraft systems and other weaponry at preferential prices as it pursues the civil war with the rebel Rapid Support Forces.
A Sudanese military official told The Wall Street Journal that Sudan needs new weapons, but that doing a deal with Russia might cause problems with the U.S. and European Union. The Sudanese government and armed forces didn't respond to requests for comment.
The prospect of a Russian base on the Red Sea alarms U.S. security officials, who have been jockeying with Beijing and Moscow for years over military aspirations in Africa. Russian naval activities are limited by the lack of warm-water ports where ships can resupply or undergo repairs. A base in Libya, for instance, or the Red Sea would allow Russian vessels to sail in the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean for longer periods.
A senior U.S. official said a Russian base in Libya or at Port Sudan could expand its ability to project power and allow it to operate with impunity.
A base in Africa "increases Russia's leverage by giving them more international prestige and clout," said retired Air Force Maj. Gen. Mark Hicks, who commanded U.S. special-operations units in Africa.
Russian troops and mercenaries are scattered around the continent. The Kremlin, which didn't respond to requests for comment, has been angling for permanent access to Port Sudan for five years.
Sudanese authorities have encouraged Moscow's ambitions, but, until now, remained coy about finalizing such a pact.
China has built commercial ports around Africa, part of its vast infrastructure-building campaign. In 2017 Beijing completed its first overseas naval base, in Djibouti, which sits on the vital Bab al-Mandab strait connecting the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean. The pier there is long enough to dock an aircraft carrier.
The Chinese position sits 6 miles from the biggest U.S. military base in Africa, Camp Lemonnier. The Pentagon has some 4,000 personnel at the camp, which supports U.S. and allied operations in Somalia, and houses a quick-reaction force to respond to threats to American embassies in the region.
The U.S. stations commandos and other forces in Somalia, where they help elite local troops fighting al-Shabaab -- an Islamist insurgent group affiliated with al Qaeda -- and the Somali branch of Islamic State.
The Sudan-Russia dealmaking comes as Moscow has lost some of its initiative in Africa. A couple of years ago, countries such as Mali and the Central African Republic were hiring mercenaries from the Kremlin-aligned Wagner Group to fight their enemies.
Some of Wagner's ventures on the continent have unraveled since 2023 when its founder, Yevgeny Prigozhin, rebelled against Russian President Vladimir Putin and later died when a device blew the wing off his plane. The Kremlin's new official guns-for-hire military force hasn't replicated Wagner's financial success and political sway in Africa.
The Sudan conflict, which began in 2023 with a power struggle between rival generals Lt. Gen Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and his No. 2, Lt. Gen. Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo, presents a new opportunity. Regional and global powers are using it to pursue their own interests, producing a tangle of shifting alliances. Moscow initially backed Dagalo's Rapid Support Forces rebels and used its ties to gain access to Sudanese gold deposits.” [1]
1. World News: Sudan Offers Russia Its First Naval Base in Africa. Faucon, Benoit; Bariyo, Nicholas. Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 02 Dec 2025: A6.