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2023 m. birželio 22 d., ketvirtadienis

Corruption Won't Be Slain Easily in Ukraine.

"In "As Ukraine Looks to Its Future, Skip the European Union" (Political Economics, June 16), Joseph Sternberg claims that, to secure continued foreign support, Ukraine's Volodymyr Zelensky "is pushing ahead with corruption prosecutions within the Ukrainian military." This is a commendable effort, but after working in Ukraine for many years, I wouldn't bet big on a breakthrough success, especially in the middle of a protracted conflict.

Despite Mr. Zelensky's lofty election promises to root out corruption, the Ukrainian state has largely remained a kleptocracy, its resistance to Russia notwithstanding. Since first events in 2014, a large illicit arms market has emerged in Ukraine. The enormous surge in Western money and equipment -- much of it transferred hurriedly without strong oversight -- has opened new avenues for graft and self-dealing in the Ukrainian army. As Leon Trotsky warned a long time ago: "The army is a copy of society and suffers from all its diseases, usually at a higher temperature."

Istvan Dobozi

Sarasota, Fla." [1]

1. Corruption Won't Be Slain Easily in Ukraine. Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 22 June 2023: A.16.

Su korupcija Ukrainoje nebus lengvai susidorota

"Straipsnyje „Kaip Ukraina žvelgia į savo ateitį, praleisk Europos Sąjungą“ (politinė ekonomika, birželio 16 d.) Josephas Sternbergas teigia, kad norėdamas užsitikrinti nuolatinę užsienio paramą, Ukrainos Volodymyras Zelenskis „stumia į priekį korupcijos baudžiamąjį persekiojimą Ukrainos kariuomenėje“. Tai pagirtinos pastangos, tačiau, daug metų dirbęs Ukrainoje, tikrai nesitikėčiau dėl sėkmės, ypač užsitęsusio konflikto metu.

 

     Nepaisant aukštų P. Zelenskio rinkiminių pažadų išnaikinti korupciją, Ukrainos valstybė iš esmės išliko kleptokratija, nepaisant jos pasipriešinimo Rusijai. 

 

Nuo pirmųjų įvykių 2014 m. Ukrainoje susidarė didelė neteisėta ginklų rinka. Didžiulis Vakarų pinigų ir įrangos antplūdis – didžioji jų dalis buvo pervesta paskubomis be griežtos priežiūros – atvėrė naujus kelius Ukrainos armijos kyšiams ir savivalei. Kaip seniai įspėjo Leonas Trockis: „Kariuomenė yra visuomenės kopija ir kenčia nuo visų jos ligų, dažniausiai, esant aukštesnei temperatūrai“.

     Ivanas Dobozis

     Sarasota, Florida, JAV“ [1]

 

1. Corruption Won't Be Slain Easily in Ukraine. Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 22 June 2023: A.16.

U.S. News: Senate Majority Leader Schumer Presses Effort to Write New Rules for AI.


"WASHINGTON -- Chuck Schumer (D., N.Y.) launched an effort Wednesday to write new rules for the emerging realm of artificial intelligence, aiming to accelerate U.S. innovation while staving off a dystopian future.

In a speech at a Washington think tank, Schumer called for more federal involvement in maintaining U.S. competitiveness. That will require careful attention to mitigating AI's potential harms, Schumer said.

"The first issue we must tackle is encouraging, not stifling, innovation," Schumer said at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. "But if people don't think innovation can be done safely, that will slow AI's development and even prevent us from moving forward."

He added in a fact sheet that "with so much potential, the U.S. must lead in innovation and write the rules of the road on AI and not let adversaries like the Chinese Communist Party craft the standards for a technology set to become as transformative as electricity."

Schumer joins the Biden administration, tech-industry leaders and other members of Congress in seeking to put limits on the technology, amid fears that AI tools can be abused to manipulate voters, pull off sophisticated financial crimes, displace millions of workers or create other harms.

But imposing new regulations on a set of technologies that are still under development will be difficult for Congress, which often waits years or even decades before establishing guardrails for new industries.

In addition, lawmakers will be trying to impose new rules in a number of areas -- such as copyright and liability -- where tech companies have battled with other industries and consumers for years.

Those factors will likely make it harder for Schumer to push AI initiatives through Congress than the semiconductor and science funding bill that Schumer spearheaded last year, said Adam Kovacevich, CEO of the Chamber of Progress, an industry trade group.

"It's easier for Congress to agree on ways for the U.S. to maintain its edge, than it is to regulate harms," he said.

In brief remarks on Tuesday at an artificial-intelligence roundtable discussion in San Francisco, President Biden also underscored the risks inherent in AI as well as the close attention his administration is giving the topic.

"We'll see more technological change in the next 10 years than we've seen in the last 50 years," Biden said. "Social media already has shown us the harm that powerful technology can do."

Elon Musk made a rare visit to Capitol Hill in the spring and spoke with Schumer about AI. Musk has been cautious on AI.

In his speech, Schumer said that AI "could ignite a new era of technological advancement, scientific discovery and industrial might."

He called on lawmakers to help provide balance between collaboration and competition among companies; to assess how much federal financial help is needed, if any; to determine the proper divide between private and open AI systems; and to consider how the U.S. can ensure that the technology can be harnessed by many, and not just a few big companies.

Among the other potential battlefields in the looming debate over AI: curbing bias and discrimination in artificial intelligence, regulating so-called deep fakes -- particularly in campaign advertising -- and gaining visibility into the inner workings of artificial intelligence systems." [1]

1.  U.S. News: Schumer Presses Effort to Write New Rules for AI. McKinnon, John D. 
Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 22 June 2023: A.4.

JAV naujienos: Senato daugumos lyderis Schumeris imasi pastangų parašyti naujas dirbtinio intelekto (AI) taisykles

„VAŠINGTONAS – Chuckas Schumeris (D., N. Y.) trečiadienį pradėjo pastangas sukurti naujas taisykles besiformuojančiai dirbtinio intelekto sferai, siekdamas paspartinti JAV naujovių diegimą ir užkirsti kelią distopinei ateičiai.

 

     Kalboje Vašingtono ekspertų grupėje Schumeris paragino labiau federalinį įsitraukimą, išlaikant JAV konkurencingumą. Schumeris sakė, kad tam reikės atidžiai stebėti galimą AI žalą.

 

     „Pirmasis klausimas, kurį turime spręsti, yra skatinti, o ne slopinti naujoves“, – sakė Schumeris Strateginių ir tarptautinių studijų centre. „Tačiau jei žmonės nemano, kad naujoves galima įgyvendinti saugiai, tai sulėtins AI vystymąsi ir net neleis mums judėti į priekį."

 

     Jis pridūrė faktų lape, kad „turėdamos tiek daug potencialo, JAV turi vadovauti naujovėms ir kurti dirbtinio intelekto kelių taisykles, o ne leisti priešininkams, tokiems, kaip Kinijos komunistų partija, sukurti standartus, kad technologija taptų tokia pat transformuojanti, kaip elektra.“

 

     Schumeris prisijungia prie Bideno administracijos, technologijų pramonės lyderių ir kitų Kongreso narių, siekdamas apriboti technologijas, baiminantis, kad dirbtinio intelekto įrankiais gali būti piktnaudžiaujama, siekiant manipuliuoti rinkėjais, užtraukti sudėtingus finansinius nusikaltimus, išstumti milijonus darbuotojų iš darbo ar padaryti kitokią žalą.

 

     Tačiau Kongresui bus sunku nustatyti naujus reglamentus vis dar kuriamoms technologijoms, Kongresui, kuris dažnai laukia daug metų ar net dešimtmečių, kol sukurs apsauginius turėklus naujoms pramonės šakoms.

 

     Be to, įstatymų leidėjai bandys įvesti naujas taisykles daugelyje sričių, pavyzdžiui, autorių teisių ir atsakomybės srityse, kuriose technologijų įmonės daugelį metų kovojo su kitomis pramonės šakomis ir vartotojais.

 

     Dėl šių veiksnių Schumeris, greičiausiai, sunkiau stums AI iniciatyvas per Kongresą, nei puslaidininkių ir mokslo finansavimo įstatymo projektą, kuriam Schumeris vadovavo praėjusiais metais, sakė Adamas Kovacevičius, pramonės prekybos grupės Pažangos rūmų generalinis direktorius.

 

     „Kongresui lengviau susitarti dėl būdų, kaip JAV išlaikyti savo pranašumą, nei reguliuoti žalą“, – sakė jis.

 

     Trumpai antradienį per dirbtinio intelekto apskritojo stalo diskusiją San Franciske prezidentas Bidenas taip pat pabrėžė AI būdingą riziką ir didelį dėmesį, kurį jo administracija skiria šiai temai.

 

     „Per ateinančius 10 metų matysime daugiau technologinių pokyčių, nei matėme per pastaruosius 50 metų“, – sakė Bidenas. „Socialinė žiniasklaida mums jau parodė, kokią žalą gali padaryti galingos technologijos."

 

     Elonas Muskas pavasarį retai lankėsi Kapitolijaus kalne ir kalbėjosi su Schumeriu apie AI. Muskas buvo atsargus dėl AI.

 

     Savo kalboje Schumeris teigė, kad dirbtinis intelektas „gali įžiebti naują technologinės pažangos, mokslinių atradimų ir pramoninės galios erą“.

 

     Jis paragino įstatymų leidėjus padėti užtikrinti pusiausvyrą tarp bendradarbiavimo ir konkurencijos tarp įmonių; įvertinti, kiek reikia federalinės finansinės pagalbos, jei reikia; nustatyti tinkamą atskirtį tarp privačių ir atvirų AI sistemų; ir apsvarstyti, kaip JAV gali užtikrinti, kad technologiją galėtų panaudoti daugelis, o ne tik kelios didelės įmonės.

 

     Tarp kitų galimų kovos laukų gresiančiose diskusijose dėl dirbtinio intelekto: šališkumo ir diskriminacijos pažabojimas dirbtinio intelekto srityje, vadinamųjų gilių padirbinių reguliavimas, ypač reklamos kampanijose, ir vidinio dirbtinio intelekto sistemų veikimo matomumas." [1]


 

Na, o Lietuva? Ką Lietuva... Mūsų gabiausieji tupi krūmuose. Ne, ne trizna. Žaidžia karą su rusais. Konservatoriai jiems liepė. O kai reikės dirbtinio intelekto, tai pirksim brangiai iš švedų. Kaip Smetonos laikais brangiai iš švedų pirkdavome degtukus. 


1.  U.S. News: Schumer Presses Effort to Write New Rules for AI. McKinnon, John D. 
Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 22 June 2023: A.4.

Tip to Harvard Students: 'Don't Gratuitously Drop the H-Bomb' --- Debate stirs over brand's baggage. 'Should you say a school outside of Boston?'


"In a December interview with the campus newspaper, Harvard College Dean Rakesh Khurana was given the chance to offer a word of advice to seniors.

"Don't gratuitously drop the H-bomb," Khurana said.

The H-bomb, for those unaware of lingo from the most famous Ivy League school, is the thermonuclear act of saying aloud that one attends or attended Harvard. The process of explaining to someone not from Harvard that you went to Harvard is complicated, students at Harvard will tell you, repeatedly.

For years Ivy Leaguers have been conspicuously obtuse about where they went to school. But the H-bomb conversation is at an all-time high.

The odds of admission to Harvard are at historic lows and the Supreme Court is poised to weigh in this month on whether Harvard's affirmative-action program is constitutional. The high-profile trial that preceded the High Court case shed light on Harvard's opaque selection process, including evidence that children of donors, offspring of alumni, as well as socioeconomically disadvantaged applicants get special consideration by the admissions office.

The revelations moved Massachusetts lawmakers to recently introducean act proposing to tax the endowments of schools which consider an applicant's legacy status or employ early-decision admission, which tends to benefit students from well-off families.

The 0.2% surcharge would cost Harvard about $100 million a year and would fund the state's community colleges. The bill is set for a committee hearing in the Massachusetts legislature this month.

It's no surprise that Harvard officials are grappling with the challenges of marketing their brand.

"The H-bomb phenomenon is something that Harvard alumni speak about pretty regularly . . . they're always a little careful how they introduce that credential into a conversation," Brian Kenny, chief marketing and communications officer for Harvard Business School, said on a higher-education marketing podcast last year, in an episode called in part, "Confronting the 'H-Bomb."

"Because the Harvard brand, although it's well known and well respected in most circles, it's also viewed negatively -- people think about it as an elitist brand," he said.

Students are right to weigh their words carefully before dropping the H-bomb, says Michael Sandel, a Harvard professor and author of the book "The Tyranny of Merit." "We have converted universities into sorting machines," he says.

Many, including some at Harvard, find the conversation cringey. "OK, first off, calm down. You're half as important as you think you are and twice as obnoxious," a Harvard student and opinion columnist wrote in the school newspaper in a piece entitled, "How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb." (Now graduated, the student says no one seems to care where he went to school.)

The first mention of the term "H-bomb" appeared in The Crimson in 1990 when Kenneth Katz, then a Harvard sophomore, wrote a column lamenting "the conversational disaster" stemming from the question, "Where do you go to college?" Katz felt that off-campus, students were seen as smart and perhaps a bit snooty.

Dr. Katz, now 51 and a Bay Area dermatologist, says he doesn't think much about having gone to Harvard because so much time has elapsed since he left, including attending Harvard Medical School.

"Do you know what they call that?" he says, referring to students who attended both Harvard College and Harvard Medical School. "Preparation H. It's the same vein, somewhat self-deprecating and somewhat self-aggrandizing at the same time."

The term H-bomb is well-mocked around Harvard's campus.

"If you've lived in Boston or Cambridge, you're familiar with the phrase 'dropping the H-Bomb,'" noted the Biglaw Investor newsletter in March 2023. "It's when a Harvard student lets it slip that he's going to Harvard."

In December, the Crimson included the H-Bomb in "The (Un) Official Harvard Dictionary."

"Should you say 'a school outside of Boston' and hope they don't probe further? Or should you drop the H-bomb?" it asked.

The authors said their survey found that 77% of students come right out and tell people they attend Harvard when asked, 16% answer indirectly and some lie altogether and give the name of a different school. Respondents described reactions including "Hinge date in Scotland took a picture of my ID to show his friends."

Athena Ye, who grew up in a small city in Illinois, graduated from Harvard last month.

"I don't want to sound too haughty. So I'll say it with kind of a down tone instead of going up and sounding really excited," she says. "I try to say it in a way that makes it, to me at least, seem less intimidating."

Luke Richey grew up in a town with 1000 residents in rural Virginia and now studies computer science at Harvard. The politics in his home county are conservative and he worries people will associate his choice of school with the elitism they dislike.

When he drops the H-Bomb he is mindful to add that his parents are schoolteachers and his public high school didn't offer Advanced Placement classes but had several classes in agriculture.

"I'm just trying to paint a complete picture," he says." [1]

1. Tip to Harvard Students: 'Don't Gratuitously Drop the H-Bomb' --- Debate stirs over brand's baggage. 'Should you say a school outside of Boston?' Belkin, Douglas. 
Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 22 June 2023: A.1.