Why can quantum computers solve problems that even the fastest supercomputers in the world could not yet solve

 "Because they are able to process ridiculously large amounts of data at the same time. They calculate completely differently than conventional computers. If a conventional computer wants to add two numbers, it first takes a row of bits from the working memory, applies the logical operator “and” and adds a second row of bits, which represents the second number. It stores the result of the addition in one more bit row. 

A quantum computer also uses two quantum bit rows for such a task. But every quantum bit not only has the value zero or one like normal bits, but it can take any value between zero and one. The experts speak of superposition here. Because every quantum bit can theoretically assume any value between zero and one, every quantum bit row can contain a huge amount of data. In a quantum computer with 20 quantum bits, such a row corresponds to 16 megabytes of conventional computers, namely 2 to the power of 20, i.e. 2 times 2 times 2 - and the whole 20 times. With 53 qubits that's 2 to the power of 53. 

This is why quantum computers can process such large amounts of information and are therefore superior to conventional supercomputers. Quantum computers with two qubits can use 2 to the power of 2 possible bit states at the same time, i.e. four. Quantum computers with 53 quantum bits can use 2 to the power of 53 possible bit states at the same time, i.e. more than one quadrillion bit states at the same time. Quantum computers have another advantage with such calculations: They use methods from quantum physics, i.e. they work at the level of individual atoms."