How ChatGPT Is Changing the University.

“Teachers must see generative AI as an opportunity and teach how to use it correctly, otherwise they will train young people for unemployment.

 

     Generative AI is currently in the process of sustainably changing our job market. This change particularly affects knowledge workers, as this is where the greatest potential for automation exists. Generative AI offers the opportunity to automatically create not only texts, graphics, music or videos, but also source code, designs or construction plans. We are currently only scratching the surface of what is possible.

 

     It is only a matter of time before generative AI processes can, for example, generate sensible circuit diagrams for special machines or blueprints for individual pharmaceuticals. In the future, the use of generative AI - and of course AI more broadly - will be as natural for employees as the use of word processing programs is today. Anyone who can't handle it will be replaced by an AI across the board. But you are more likely to be replaced by your competitors - which may also be the person sitting next to you - who use AI to add value and are therefore many times more productive.

 

     The teaching is changing

 

     Generative AI does not stop at the education system either. Among other things, there is a great opportunity to individualize teaching content for learners depending on their previous knowledge and their learning progress. Learning foreign languages can also be much more successful through individual suggestions for improvement. Generative AI therefore not only affects the job of the AI professor who teaches the relevant procedures, but also the direct bread-and-butter business of all teachers.

 

     Teachers at all levels - from primary school teachers to professors - must be aware of this change, develop an understanding of (generative) AI and integrate it sensibly into their work. Learners, on the other hand, also need to develop an understanding of them, especially how they work, how to use them correctly and the limitations of these procedures.

 

     New approaches are required

 

     There is currently a lot of discussion about how the unauthorized use of generative AI can be discovered among learners. Questions about whether students have used ChatGPT to write their thesis or homework are currently omnipresent. Whether submissions can be reliably checked automatically does not seem particularly promising.

 

     It is therefore obvious that some forms of examination, such as take-home exams or term papers, will have no future on their own. Teachers must sensibly combine these with other forms of assessment, such as oral examinations or projects, in order to be able to check learning success.

 

     Instead of prohibiting the use of generative AI, conducting detective attempts to prove its use and then sanctioning it, I have turned the tables in my teaching: I not only allow students to use generative AI, but I explicitly demand this from the students. This applies to the generation of texts and graphics as well as source code.

 

     Generative AI tools provide, among other things, sensible structural suggestions, formulation aids or source code, which students then check, adapt and expand. Of course there are also rules for its use. Among other things, students must critically examine all generated content and, if necessary, substantiate it with appropriate sources. However, if whole sentences from the training data unexpectedly end up in the generated texts, this would still be plagiarism that would have to be sanctioned.

 

     The students must also briefly describe the exact use of these tools. My entire set of rules can be found in the appendix. Initial results show that by using generative AI, students have more time for research and methodology and, overall, submit better theses. In the subsequent oral examinations, the focus is even more on discussing individual passages from the final theses submitted. In this way I ensure that the students have really understood these parts.

 

     Innovation to brake by AI Act

 

     The EU's legislative institutions are currently discussing the "AI Act" - the AI regulation - in the trilogue process. In the EU Parliament's current compromise text, automated assessments and approval fall into the "high risk" category. In addition, the individualization of content could also be included, as can be deduced from the formulation "... assessing the appropriate level of education for an individual ...". There are also a wealth of other specific regulations for large language models like ChatGPT. Of course, these rules do not per se prohibit the use of generative AI in education. However, they effectively prevent many corresponding innovations due to the high compliance requirements and the resulting implementation and certification costs. So we risk unnecessarily falling behind in international competition and leaving the field of educational revolution to China.

 

     The legislature should refrain from imposing many requirements on teachers and educational institutions when using generative AI. Due to the dynamics of the AI environment, the half-life of today's rules is short. Personally, I am very excited to see how my own rules and regulations will change in the coming years. In my opinion, further training courses for teachers and learners on (generative) AI make much more sense.

 

     Rules for the use of generative AI in theses

 

     You are expected to use (generative) AI tools, such as ChatGPT for text or DALL-E for images, when writing your thesis. Like this, you will be more productive and possibly submit a far better thesis. AI tools will provide you very quickly with a structure or draft that you can then amend, improve and extend. The following rules apply:

 

     You are expected to substantially amend, improve and extend the output of AI tools.

 

     Critically assess the output of AI tools. They may sound convincing but could be completely wrong.

 

     Add references in order to support the claims generated by AI tools.

 

     Clearly state which AI tools you have used for which parts of your thesis.

 

     Check your thesis for plagiarism. Some AI tools may simply copy entire sentences or paragraphs from other sources.

 

     Read the privacy policy of AI tools before you use them. Do not send confidential data or trade secrets to cloud-based AI tools." [1]

 

1. Wie ChatGPT die Universität verändert. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (online)Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH. Oct 17, 2023. Von Patrick Glauner

Lengvesnis finansavimas, naudojant patentus: tyrimas: pradedančiosios įmonės ir jaunos įmonės gauna naudos iš intelektinės nuosavybės teisių, kad gautų pinigų

„Patentai ir prekių ženklai, be abejo, atsiperka startuoliams Europoje.

 

Remiantis neseniai atliktu tyrimu, jaunoms įmonėms, turinčioms intelektinės nuosavybės teises į savo idėjas, lengviau užsitikrinti finansavimą.

 

Akivaizdu, kad jaunoms Europos įmonėms ir startuoliams apsimoka ginti savo išradimus ir idėjas patentais ir prekių ženklų teisėmis. Tai rodo dabartinis tyrimas, kurį kartu rengia Europos patentų tarnyba (EPT) ir ES prekių ženklų tarnyba (EUIPO).

 

Remiantis tuo, vietos startuoliams steigimosi ir ankstyvo augimo fazėje yra vidutiniškai daugiau, nei dešimt, kartų didesnė tikimybė gauti tinkamą finansavimą, nei tokių teisių neturinčioms įmonėms.

 

  Remiantis tyrimu, jei pradedančiosios įmonės nuspręs dėl intelektinės nuosavybės teisių, galiojančių visoje Europoje, o ne tik nacionaliniu mastu, jaunoms įmonėms bus dar lengviau užsitikrinti lėšų.

 

„Nematerialusis turtas dabar sudaro didžiąją įmonės vertės dalį“, – sakė João Negrão iš ES prekių ženklų biuro. Oficialios intelektinės nuosavybės teisės, tokios, kaip prekių ženklai, yra ne tik teisinė investicijų į nematerialųjį turtą apsauga, „bet ir raktas į finansavimą bei bendradarbiavimą“. Tai ypač svarbu pradedančioms įmonėms, „kurios paprastai turi mažai turto ankstyvosiose stadijose, išskyrus intelektinį kapitalą“, – sakė jis. Tačiau tai užima labai daug laiko ir dažnai užtrunka kelerius metus, kol įmonė įregistruoja nuosavybės teisę ir tada jai jas suteikia.

 

Sudėtingas ir ilgas procesas

 

Tyrimo duomenimis, vidutiniškai tik 29 procentai Europos startuolių savo idėjoms yra užregistravę atitinkamas intelektinės nuosavybės teises.

 

Vėlgi, dideli skirtumai tarp atskirų sektorių: Biotechnologijų srityje beveik pusė naujai įkurtų įmonių turi patentus ar prekių ženklus.

 

Mokslo ir technologijų srityse maždaug ketvirtadalis jaunų Europos įmonių turi patentą, o apie 40 procentų – prekės ženklą. Taip pat minimos sveikatos priežiūros ir gamybos pramonės šakos, kuriose kas penkta įmonė turi patentą.

 

Tyrimui EPO ir ES prekių ženklų biuras palygino nacionalines ir Europos patentų ir prekių ženklų paraiškas su duomenimis iš portalo Crunchbase, kuriame renkama įmonių ekonominė informacija. Tyrimo autorių tikslas buvo gauti duomenis apie startuolių intelektinės nuosavybės ir jų finansavimo situacijos ryšį. Pavyzdžiui, valdžios institucijos jau parengė intelektinės nuosavybės teisių ir finansinių rodiklių, tokių, kaip pardavimai ir įmonių augimas, santykio analizę.

 

Dabartinė analizė rodo didelius intelektinės nuosavybės teisių naudojimo skirtumus Europoje: Suomija ir Prancūzija pirmauja, o po 42 procentus naujų įmonių yra užregistravusios intelektinės nuosavybės teises. Toliau rikiuojasi Vokietija ir Austrija, kuriose tokių jaunų įmonių yra po 40 proc., taip pat Italija (39 proc.), Norvegija (37 proc.), Švedija ir Danija (po 34 proc.).

 

Vokietijoje ypač aktyvūs biotechnologijų startuoliai: 72 procentai jaunų įmonių registruoja bent vieną intelektinės nuosavybės teisę. 

 

Apdirbamoji pramonė, turinti gerus 57 procentus, užima antrą vietą tarp startuolių, kurie naudojasi intelektinės nuosavybės teisėmis. Beveik pusė įmonių yra įregistravę prekės ženklą, o beveik 30 procentų – patentą. Mokslo ir technologijų srityse rezultatai panašūs.“ [1]

 

1. Leichtere Finanzierung durch Patente: Studie: Start-ups und junge Unternehmen profitieren von geistigen Schutzrechten, um Gelder einzusammeln. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (online)Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH. Oct 17, 2023. Von Ilka Kopplin

Easier Financing Through Patents: Study: Start-ups and young companies benefit from intellectual property rights when raising money.

“Patents and trademarks obviously pay off for start-ups in Europe.

 

According to a recent study, young companies with intellectual property rights over their ideas find it easier to secure financing.

 

It obviously pays off for young companies and start-ups in Europe to protect their inventions and ideas through patents and trademark rights. This is shown by a current study prepared jointly by the European Patent Office (EPO) and the EU Trademark Office (EUIPO).

 

According to this, it is on average more than ten times more likely for local start-ups in the founding phase and early growth phase to obtain appropriate financing than for companies that do not have such rights.

 

  If the start-ups then decide on intellectual property rights valid across Europe instead of just nationally, it will be even easier for the young companies to secure funds, according to the study.

 

"Intangible assets now account for the majority of a company's value," said João Negrão from the EU Trademark Office. Formal intellectual property rights, such as trademarks, are not only legal protection for investments in intangible assets, "but also the key to financing and cooperation." This is particularly important for start-up companies, "which typically have few assets in the early stages other than their intellectual capital," he said. However, it is very time-consuming and often takes several years for a company to register a property right and then have it granted.

 

Complex and long process

 

According to the study, on average only 29 percent of European start-ups have registered appropriate intellectual property rights for their ideas.

 

There are again big differences between the individual sectors: In biotechnology, almost half of the newly founded companies have patents or trademarks.

 

In the fields of science and technology, around a quarter of young European companies have a patent and around 40 percent have a trademark. The healthcare and manufacturing industries are also mentioned, in which every fifth company has a patent.

 

For the study, the EPO and the EU Trademark Office compared national and European patent and trademark applications with data from the Crunchbase portal, which collects corporate and economic information. The aim of the study authors was to obtain data on the connection between intellectual property of start-ups and their financing situation. For example, the authorities have already prepared analyzes on the question of the relationship between intellectual property rights and financial indicators such as sales and growth of companies.

 

The current analysis shows major differences in the use of intellectual property rights within Europe: Finland and France lead the ranking with 42 percent of start-ups each having registered an intellectual property right. This is followed by Germany and Austria, each with 40 percent of young companies, as well as Italy (39 percent), Norway (37 percent), Sweden and Denmark (34 percent each).

 

Biotechnology start-ups are particularly active in Germany: 72 percent of young companies register at least one intellectual property right. 

 

With a good 57 percent, the manufacturing industry takes second place among start-ups that use intellectual property rights. Almost half of the companies have registered a trademark and almost 30 percent have registered a patent. The results are similar in the areas of science and technology." [1]

 

1. Leichtere Finanzierung durch Patente: Studie: Start-ups und junge Unternehmen profitieren von geistigen Schutzrechten, um Gelder einzusammeln. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (online)Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH. Oct 17, 2023. Von Ilka Kopplin