"FRANKFURT -- The U.S. economy is chugging along while the rest of the world falls behind. Driving the division among the world's most powerful economies: a slowdown in trade that is hurting some much more than others.
The waning of global trade flows is consolidating a growth gap among members of the Group of 20 largest world economies, whose leaders are meeting this weekend in India, resetting the global balance of economic power.
At the losing end are "extroverted" economies that have traditionally recorded trade surpluses and are now seeing their growth lag behind those of the U.S. and India, for instance, vast markets that have historically relied more on domestic demand for growth relative to their peers.
Global goods trade declined in the first three months of the year from the previous quarter, according to the World Trade Organization, extending a downturn that started last year and that economists expect to continue this year.
The U.S., the world's largest economy, is expanding at an annualized rate of nearly 6%, according to an early indicator produced by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. India's economy grew 7.8% in the three months through June, the fastest pace of growth in a year. By contrast, growth in the more trade-dependent eurozone was barely positive in the most recent quarter, and the bloc's economy is still languishing below its prepandemic growth path.
The trade slump reflects temporary factors including rising interest rates and living costs, and a snapback in business inventories as global goods shortages ease. But it also results from longer-term changes such as a slowdown in China's growth rate, more protectionist industrial policies in the West, and the increasing recourse to economic measures, from technology embargoes to outbound investment screening, as tools of geopolitical competition.
"Global trade will be less global" in the future, with exchanges occurring more within regional blocs, said Holger Schmieding, chief economist at Berenberg Bank. It will also shift away from goods and toward services, he added, providing a boost to economies like the U.S. and India that specialize in IT and other services at the expense of manufacturing powerhouses like Germany and China.
Flagging global commerce is hitting industry everywhere, from smartphone and machinery makers to shipping companies, entrenching a manufacturing recession that has set in across swaths of the global economy. It contrasts sharply with decades of expanding world trade, including a recent and steep expansion after pandemic bottlenecks eased, that had favored manufacturing-heavy economies.
Besides political tensions, trade is being hit by major shifts in energy supplies and the global manufacturing sector driven by external events such as the Ukraine events and man-made climate change, said Dirk Schumacher, an economist at Natixis in Frankfurt. Industries like auto production are being transformed.
That is particularly painful for countries where industry forms an outsize part of the economy. Manufacturing accounts for nearly a third of economic output in China compared with 18% for Germany and 11% for the U.S., according to the World Bank.
Global manufacturing output fell for a third successive month in August, according to surveys of purchasing managers compiled by S&P Global. Global industrial recessions are rare, with only one other episode outside the pandemic years since the eurozone debt crisis of 2012, according to S&P.
Rising financing costs are among the factors weakening trade. As major central banks ramped up interest rates at a historic pace over the past 18 months, that sharply reduced the amount of cash held by businesses.
Consumer spending and investment are also under pressure as banks tighten access to credit. The steep rise in dollar interest rates and the associated strong dollar may also choke off vital trade financing, according to Oxford Economics." [1]
We in Lithuania have an "extroverted" economy that survives on exports. We killed Lithuania's golden goose, internal demand, a long time ago by keeping wages low and prices high. Those, who could work seriously, emigrated. Most of the rest are poor persisting thanks to Polish food and machinations. Now is the time of reckoning.
1.U.S. News: Trade Slump Reshuffles Cards in Favor of the U.S. Fairless, Tom.
Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 11 Sep 2023: A.2.