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2025 m. sausio 20 d., pirmadienis

Transcript: Donald Trump’s Second Inaugural Speech


"In the first remarks of his second term, President Trump painted a grim portrait of the country while declaring that “the golden age of America begins right now.”

President Trump, in his first remarks after being sworn into office inside the Capitol Rotunda on Monday, portrayed himself as the only person who could save the United States from decline, and offered early indications of his first actions he would take in office.

Here is a transcript of the speech.

Thank you. Thank you very much, everybody. Thank you very, very much. Vice President Vance. Speaker Johnson. Senator Thune. Chief Justice Roberts. Justices of the United States Supreme Court. President Clinton, President Bush, President Obama, President Biden, Vice President Harris, and my fellow citizens, the golden age of America begins right now.

From this day forward, our country will flourish and be respected again all over the world. We will be the envy of every nation, and we will not allow ourselves to be taken advantage of any longer. During every single day of the Trump administration, I will very simply put America first.

Our sovereignty will be reclaimed. Our safety will be restored. The scales of justice will be rebalanced. The vicious, violent and unfair weaponization of the Justice Department and our government will end. And our top priority will be to create a nation that is proud, prosperous and free. America will soon be greater, stronger and far more exceptional than ever before.

I return to the presidency confident and optimistic that we are at the start of a thrilling new era of national success. A tide of change is sweeping the country, sunlight is pouring over the entire world, and America has the chance to seize this opportunity like never before. But first, we must be honest about the challenges we face. While they are plentiful, they will be annihilated by this great momentum that the world is now witnessing in the United States of America.

As we gather today our government confronts a crisis of trust. For many years, a radical and corrupt establishment has extracted power and wealth from our citizens, while the pillars of our society lay broken and seemingly in complete disrepair. We now have a government that cannot manage even a simple crisis at home, while at the same time stumbling into a continuing catalog of catastrophic events abroad. It fails to protect our magnificent law-abiding American citizens, but provides sanctuary and protection for dangerous criminals, many from prisons and ​​mental institutions that have illegally entered our country from all over the world.

We have a government that has given unlimited funding to the defense of foreign borders but refuses to defend American borders, or, more importantly, its own people.

Our country can no longer give basic services in times of emergency, as recently shown by the wonderful people of North Carolina. Been treated so badly. And other states who are still suffering from a hurricane that took place many months ago.

Or more recently, Los Angeles, where we are watching fires still tragically burn. From weeks ago, without even a token of defense, they’re raging through the houses and communities, even affecting some of the wealthiest and most powerful individuals in our country, some of whom are sitting here right now. They don’t have a home any longer. That’s interesting.

But we can’t let this happen. Everyone is unable to do anything about it. That’s going to change.

 We have a public health system that does not deliver in times of disaster, yet more money is spent on it than any country anywhere in the world.

And we have an education system that teaches our children to be ashamed of themselves in many cases, to hate our country despite the love that we try so desperately to provide to them.

All of this will change starting today, and it will change very quickly.

My recent election is a mandate to completely and totally reverse a horrible betrayal and all of these many betrayals that have taken place, and to give the people back their faith, their wealth, their democracy, and indeed, their freedom.

From this moment on, America’s decline is over.

Our liberties and our nation’s glorious destiny will no longer be denied. And we will immediately restore the integrity, competency and loyalty of America’s government.

Over the past eight years I have been tested and challenged more than any president in our 250-year history. And I have learned a lot along the way. The journey to reclaim our Republic has not been an easy one, that I can tell you. Those who wish to stop our cause have tried to take my freedom, and indeed, to take my life.

Just a few months ago, in that beautiful Pennsylvania field, an assassin’s bullet ripped through my ear. But I felt then, and believe even more so now, that my life was saved for a reason. I was saved by God to make America great again.

Thank you. Thank you very much.

That is why each day, under our administration of American patriots, we will be working to meet every crisis with dignity and power and strength. We will move with purpose and speed to bring back hope, prosperity, safety and peace for citizens of every race, religion, color and creed. For American citizens, Jan. 20, 2025, is Liberation Day.

It is my hope that our recent presidential election will be remembered as the greatest and most consequential election in the history of our country. As our victory showed, the entire nation is rapidly unifying behind our agenda, with dramatic increases in support from virtually every element of our society: young and old, men and women, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, urban, suburban, rural, and very importantly, we had a powerful win in all seven swing states, and the popular vote we won by millions of people.

To the Black and Hispanic communities, I want to thank you for the tremendous outpouring of love and trust that you have shown me with your vote. We set records and I will not forget it. I’ve heard your voices in the campaign and I look forward to working with you in the years to come. Today is Martin Luther King Day and his honor, this will be a great honor. But in his honor we will strive together to make his dream a reality. We will make his dream come true.

National unity is now returning to America, and confidence and pride is soaring like never before. In everything we do, my administration will be inspired by a strong pursuit of excellence and unrelenting success. We will not forget our country, we will not forget our constitution, and we will not forget our God. Can’t do that.

Today I will sign a series of historic executive orders. With these actions we will begin the complete restoration of America and the revolution of common sense. It’s all about common sense.

First, I will declare a national emergency at our southern border. All illegal entry will immediately be halted and we will begin the process of returning millions and millions of criminal aliens back to the places from which they came. We will reinstate my Remain in Mexico policy. I will end the practice of catch and release. And I will send troops to the southern border to repel the disastrous invasion of our country.

Under the orders I signed today, we will also be designating the cartels as foreign terrorist organizations. And by invoking the Alien Enemies Act of 1798, I will direct our government to use the full and immense power of federal and state law enforcement to eliminate the presence of all foreign gang criminal networks, bringing devastating crime to U.S. soil, including our cities and inner cities.

As commander in chief I have no higher responsibility than to defend our country from threats and invasions, and that is exactly what I am going to do. We will do it at a level that nobody has ever seen before. Next I will direct all members of my cabinet to marshal the vast powers at their disposal to defeat what was record inflation and rapidly bring down costs and prices.

The inflation crisis was caused by massive overspending and escalating energy prices. That is why today I will also declare a national energy emergency. We will drill, baby, drill.

America will be a manufacturing nation once again, and we have something that no other manufacturing nation will ever have: the largest amount of oil and gas of any country on Earth, and we are going to use it. We’re going to use it.

We will bring prices down, fill our strategic reserves up again, right to the top, and export American energy all over the world.

We will be a rich nation again, and it is that liquid gold under our feet that will help to do it. With my actions today, we will end the Green New Deal and we will revoke the electric vehicle mandate, saving our auto industry and keeping my sacred pledge to our great American autoworkers.

In other words, you’ll be able to buy the car of your choice. We will build automobiles in America again at a rate that nobody could have dreamt possible just a few years ago. And thank you to the autoworkers of our nation for your inspiring vote of confidence. We did tremendously with their vote.

I will immediately begin the overhaul of our trade system to protect American workers and families. Instead of taxing our citizens to enrich other countries, we will tariff and tax foreign countries to enrich our citizens. For this purpose, we are establishing the External Revenue Service, to collect all tariffs, duties and revenues. It will be massive amounts of money pouring into our treasury, coming from foreign sources.

The American dream will soon be back and thriving like never before. To restore competence and effectiveness to our federal government, my administration will establish the brand-new Department of Government Efficiency.

After years and years of illegal and unconstitutional federal efforts to restrict free expression, I will also sign an executive order to immediately stop all government censorship and bring back free speech to America.

Never again will the immense power of the state be weaponized to persecute political opponents, something I know something about. We will not allow that to happen. It will not happen again. Under my leadership, we will restore fair, equal and impartial justice under the constitutional rule of law. And we are going to bring law and order back to our cities.

This week, I will also end the government policy of trying to socially engineer race and gender into every aspect of public and private life. We will forge a society that is colorblind and merit-based.

As of today, it will henceforth be the official policy of the United States government that there are only two genders, male and female.

This week, I will reinstate any service members who were unjustly expelled from our military for objecting to the Covid vaccine mandate, with full back pay. And I will sign an order to stop our warriors from being subjected to radical political theories and social experiments while on duty. It’s going to end immediately. Our armed forces will be free to focus on their sole mission: defeating America’s enemies.

Like in 2017, we will again build the strongest military the world has ever seen. We will measure our success not only by the battles we win, but also by the wars that we end, and perhaps most importantly, the wars we never get into.

My proudest legacy will be that of a peacemaker and unifier. That’s what I want to be, a peacemaker and a unifier.

I’m pleased to say that as of yesterday, one day before I assumed office, the hostages in the Middle East are coming back home to their families. Thank you.

America will reclaim its rightful place as the greatest, most powerful, most respected nation on Earth, inspiring the awe and admiration of the entire world. A short time from now, we are going to be changing the name of the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America. And we will restore the name of a great president, William McKinley, to Mount McKinley, where it should be and where it belongs.

President McKinley made our country very rich, through tariffs and through talent. He was a natural businessman and gave Teddy Roosevelt the money for many of the great things he did, including the Panama Canal, which has foolishly been given to the country of Panama after the United States. The United States — I mean, think of this — spent more money than ever spent on a project before and lost 38,000 lives in the building of the Panama Canal. We have been treated very badly from this foolish gift that should have never been made. And Panama’s promise to us has been broken. The purpose of our deal and the spirit of our treaty has been totally violated.

American ships are being severely overcharged and not treated fairly in any way, shape, or form. And that includes the United States Navy. And above all, China is operating the Panama Canal, and we didn’t give it to China, we gave it to Panama. And we’re taking it back.

Above all, my message to Americans today is that it is time for us to once again act with courage, vigor and the vitality of history’s greatest civilization. So as we liberate our nation, we will lead it to new heights of victory and success. We will not be deterred. Together we will end the chronic disease epidemic and keep our children safe, healthy and disease-free.

The United States will once again consider itself a growing nation, one that increases our wealth, expands our territory, builds our cities, raises our expectations and carries our flag into new and beautiful horizons. And we will pursue our manifest destiny into the stars, launching American astronauts to plant the stars and stripes on the planet Mars.

Ambition is the lifeblood of a great nation. And right now, our nation is more ambitious than any other. There’s no nation like our nation. Americans are explorers, builders, innovators, entrepreneurs and pioneers. The spirit of the frontier is written into our hearts. The call of the next great adventure resounds from within our souls. Our American ancestors turned a small group of colonies on the edge of a vast continent into a mighty republic of the most extraordinary citizens on Earth. No one comes close.

Americans pushed thousands of miles through a rugged land of untamed wilderness. They crossed deserts, scaled mountains, braved untold dangers, won the Wild West, ended slavery, rescued millions from tyranny, lifted billions from poverty, harnessed electricity, split the atom, launched mankind into the heavens and put the universe of human knowledge into the palm of the human hand. If we work together, there is nothing we cannot do and no dream we cannot achieve.

Many people thought it was impossible for me to stage such a historic political comeback. But as you see today, here I am. The American people have spoken.

I stand before you now as proof that you should never believe that something is impossible to do. In America, the impossible is what we do best.

From New York to Los Angeles, from Philadelphia to Phoenix, from Chicago to Miami, from Houston to right here in Washington, D.C., our country was forged and built by the generations of patriots who gave everything they had for our rights and for our freedom. They were farmers and soldiers, cowboys and factory workers, steel workers and coal miners, police officers and pioneers who pushed onward, marched forward and let no obstacle defeat their spirit or their pride.

Together they laid down the railroads, raised up the skyscrapers, built great highways, won two world wars, defeated fascism and communism, and triumphed over every single challenge that they faced. After all we have been through together, we stand on the verge of the four greatest years in American history. With your help, we will restore American promise and we will rebuild the nation that we love, and we love it so much.

We are one people, one family and one glorious nation under God. So to every parent who dreams for their child, and every child who dreams for their future, I am with you, I will fight for you and I will win for you. We are going to win like never before. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.

In recent years our nation has suffered greatly. But we are going to bring it back and make it great again, greater than ever before. We will be a nation like no other, full of compassion, courage and exceptionalism.

Our power will stop all wars and bring a new spirit of unity to a world that has been angry, violent and totally unpredictable.

America will be respected again and admired again, including by people of religion, faith and good will. We will be prosperous, we will be proud, we will be strong and we will win like never before. We will not be conquered, we will not be intimidated, we will not be broken and we will not fail. From this day on, the United States of America will be a free, sovereign and independent nation.

We will stand bravely, we will live proudly, we will dream boldly, and nothing will stand in our way because we are Americans. The future’s ours. And our golden age has just begun. Thank you, God bless America, thank you all." [1]

1. Transcript: Donald Trump’s Second Inaugural Speech.  New York Times (Online) New York Times Company. Jan 20, 2025.

 

Niekas, kuris yra viskas


  "Materija

 Autorius Guido Tonelli

 Politika, 220 puslapių, 25 doleriai

 

 "2011 m. lapkričio 8 d. italų fizikui Guido Tonelli buvo ypatinga diena. Tai buvo ne tik jo 61-asis gimtadienis, bet ir jam buvo pavesta paskelbti apie įdomų atradimą, padarytą dideliame hadronų greitintuve netoli Ženevos. Tai, ką jis ir apie 3000 bendradarbių rado, buvo galimas naujos dalelės – Higso bozono – įrodymas. Jos egzistavimas bus patvirtintas kitais metais ir žiniasklaidoje bus įvertintas kaip „dievo dalelė“. Kaip tokia mažytė materijos dalis galėjo būti tokia svarbi? Juk, kaip savo knygos paantraštėje siūlo ponas Tonelli, materija yra „puiki iliuzija“.

 

 P. Tonelli „Materiją“ apibrėžia asmeniniais prisiminimais ir etimologinėmis nuorodomis, kurios suteikia istorinį kontekstą ir žmogišką prisilietimą prie jo šiuolaikinės fizikos vadovo. Žodis „materija“, kaip mes sužinome, kilęs iš lotynų kalbos materia arba „mediena“, kuri savo ruožtu kilo iš mater, „motina“. Iškalbingi autoriaus apmąstymai apie šias pirmykštes asociacijas su nuorodomis į literatūros veikėjus veda į diskusiją apie graikų atomizmą.

 

 Senovės graikų filosofas Demokritas įsivaizdavo, kad visa materija yra sudaryta iš mažyčių dalelių, puikiai kietų ir visiškai nedalomų. Krisdami per tuščią erdvę, šie atomai, Demokrito manymu, susipainios tarpusavyje, sudarydami visas substancijas. Aristotelis atmetė šią teoriją, pavyzdžiui, paklausdamas, kodėl turėtų būti neįmanoma perpjauti atomo per pusę arba kodėl vandens atomai nesudaro krūvos, kaip smėlio krūva.

 

 P. Tonelli paaiškina, kaip mokslas galiausiai rado aukso vidurį tarp Demokrito ir Aristotelio. 

 

Pagal šiuolaikinę fiziką atomai skirstomi į mažesnius vienetus, vadinamus kvarkais ir leptonais, ir jie laikomi pagrindinėmis materijos sudedamosiomis dalimis. 

 

Užuot sulipę, kaip manė Demokritas, kvarkai ir leptonai vienas kitą traukia arba atstumia dėl kitų dalelių, bendrai vadinamų bozonais, skraidančių tarp jų. 

 

„Materiją, – glaustai sako ponas Tonelli, – sudaro dalelės, kurios sąveikauja, keisdamosi kitomis dalelėmis."

 

 Kai kvarkai pateikiami lentelėse pagal jų energijos kiekį ir elektros krūvį, jie sudaro trijų porų modelį. 

 

Tas pats pasakytina ir apie leptonus. 

 

Nežinoma, kodėl jie turi tokį tvarkingą išdėstymą, ar tai yra didesnės schemos, apimančios daleles, kurias dar reikia atrasti, dalis. Tiesą sakant, iš pono Tonelli pasakojimo, kurį iš italų kalbos išvertė Edwardas Williamsas, aišku, kad mūsų supratimas apie materiją dar toli gražu nėra baigtas. 

 

Medžiagos, iš kurios yra sudarytos žvaigždės, planetos ir mes, elektrinės traukos kiekis yra mažesnis, nei kitos rūšies materijos – tamsiosios medžiagos – kiekis, kuris nereaguoja į elektromagnetinę spinduliuotę, tokią, kaip šviesa, todėl yra visiškai nematomas. Jos buvimą atskleidžia galaktikos gravitacinė trauka, tačiau jos prigimtis tebėra paslaptis.

 

 Viskam bendra yra masė. 

 

Einšteinas parodė, kad masė ir energija yra lygiavertės, o elementariųjų dalelių matavimo vienetas yra elektronų voltas. 

 

Didysis hadronų greitintuvas pagreitina daleles iki kelių trilijonų elektronų voltų – tai skamba stulbinančiai, nors ponas Tonelli primena, kad tai prilygsta „erzinančio uodo energijai, kurią vieną vasaros vakarą pasirinko įkąsti mums į kaklą: vos juntama. “. LHC ypatingas tuo, kad jis gali sutelkti visą šią energiją į atskiras daleles, priversdamas jas suskaidyti į naujas. (Gamta siunčia daleles iš kosmoso kiekvieną dieną, kurios energija yra daug didesnė, nei bet kas, ką galima pagaminti mašinoje. Bėda ta, kad jos yra atsitiktinės ir nekontroliuojamos, nors ir daug pigesnės.)

 

 Daugelyje žiniasklaidos pranešimų apie Higgso bozoną buvo trimituojama, kad radome pagrindą paaiškinti, kodėl materija turi masę, tačiau tai buvo netikslu ir klaidinanti detalė. Vietoj to, tai padėjo paaiškinti, kodėl daugelis elementariųjų dalelių turi tokią masę, kokia yra, nors svarbi išimtis yra leptonas, vadinamas neutrinu. Žvaigždės, tokios kaip mūsų saulė, išskiria milžiniškus kiekius neutrinų – daugelis trilijonų šiuo metu nekenksmingai praeis per jūsų kūną – ir dėl jų abejingumo įprastai medžiagai jie tampa tamsūs. Tačiau neutrinai sudaro tik nedidelę visos visatos masės dalį. Kodėl jie turi išvis kokią nors masę, yra galvosūkis.

 

 Tačiau didžiausias klausimas yra tiesiog, kodėl materija egzistuoja. Iš kur viskas atsirado ir kaip atsirado jos energija? Aristotelis atsakė, kad nėra pradžios – materija turėjo egzistuoti visada, nes iš nieko negali ko nors padaryti. P. Tonelli prašo įsivaizduoti didelę plieninę talpą, iš kurios pašalinamas visas oras – vakuumas įprasta to žodžio prasme. Net jei galėtume išgauti kiekvieną atomą, pasak jo, liktų tiek daug dalykų, pavyzdžiui, einančių neutrinų minios.

 

 Viso to nepakaktų; kvantinė mechanika nurodo, kad visada yra dalelės viduje, nors ir trumpalaikės. Tuščia erdvė niekada nebūna tuščia; tai kvantinis vakuumas, turintis savo energiją.

 

 Ponas Tonelli aprašo kitą energijos rūšį, kylančią iš gravitacijos, kuri mus laiko surištus prie žemės. Obuolys ant medžio turi tai, kas vidurinės mokyklos fizikoje vadinama potencialia energija. Paprastai tai manoma, kaip teigiamas dydis, tačiau griežtai kalbant, jis yra neigiamas, o minuso ženklo grąžinimas sukelia stulbinančią mintį. O kas, jei teigiama visų visatos dalelių energija tiksliai subalansuotų jų neigiamą potencialią energiją? Tada bendra suma būtų lygi nuliui. Galime manyti, kad visata atsirado kaip atsitiktinis kvantinio vakuumo svyravimas; vienos rūšies niekas tampa kita rūšimi.

 

 Štai ką ponas Tonelli turi omenyje, sakydamas apie nuostabią iliuziją. Atsižvelgiant į skaičiavimo neapibrėžčių skaičių, dar neaišku, ar stebuklingas triukas tikrai veikia. Tačiau jo gyva ir informatyvi knyga parodo, kiek daug žinome apie materiją, iš kurios esame sudaryti, ir kiek mažai žinome apie kitus dalykus, kurie sudaro didžiąją dalį kosmoso." [1]


1. REVIEW --- Books: The Nothing That Is Everything. Crumey, Andrew.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 18 Jan 2025: C9.

The Nothing That Is Everything


"Matter

By Guido Tonelli

Polity, 220 pages, $25

Nov. 8, 2011, was a special day for the Italian physicist Guido Tonelli. Not only was it his 61st birthday but he had also been tasked with announcing an exciting discovery made at the Large Hadron Collider near Geneva. What he and some 3,000 co-workers had found was possible evidence for a new particle, the Higgs boson. Its existence would be confirmed the following year and hailed in the media as the "god particle." How could such a tiny piece of matter have mattered so much? After all, as Mr. Tonelli suggests in the subtitle to his book, matter is a "magnificent illusion."

Mr. Tonelli bookends "Matter" with personal reminiscences and etymological asides that provide historical context and a human touch to his guide to modern physics. The word "matter," we learn, comes from the Latin materia, or "wood," which in turn came from mater, "mother." The author's eloquent musings on these primal associations, with references to literary figures, lead to a discussion of Greek atomism.

The ancient Greek philosopher Democritus imagined all matter to be made of tiny particles, perfectly solid and totally indivisible. Falling through empty space, these atoms, Democritus believed, would tangle together in different ways, forming all substances. Aristotle rejected the theory, asking, for instance, why it should be impossible to cut an atom in half, or why atoms of water didn't form a heap like sand.

Mr. Tonelli explains how science eventually found a middle ground between Democritus and Aristotle. According to modern physics, atoms are divisible into smaller units called quarks and leptons, and these are considered the most basic constituents of matter. Rather than sticking together, as Democritus thought, quarks and leptons attract or repel one another thanks to other particles, collectively termed bosons, flying between them. "Matter," Mr. Tonelli says succinctly, "is made up of particles which interact by exchanging other particles. That's it."

When the quarks are tabulated according to their amounts of energy and electrical charge, they make a pattern of three pairs. The same goes for the leptons. It's not known why they have this neat arrangement or whether it's part of a bigger scheme involving particles still to be discovered. In fact, from Mr. Tonelli's account, translated from the Italian by Edward Williams, it's clear that our understanding of matter is still very far from complete. The quantity of matter that stars, planets and we ourselves are made of, held together by electrical attraction, is dwarfed by the amount of matter of another kind -- dark matter -- which does not respond to electromagnetic radiation such as light and is therefore totally invisible. Its presence is revealed by its gravitational pull on galaxies but its nature remains a mystery.

What all matter has in common is mass. Einstein showed that mass and energy are equivalent, and for elementary particles the preferred unit of measure is the electron volt. The Large Hadron Collider accelerates particles up to several trillion electron volts -- which sounds staggering, though Mr. Tonelli reminds us it is comparable to the energy of "an annoying mosquito that one summer evening has chosen to bite us on the neck: barely perceptible." What is special about the LHC is that it can concentrate all this energy onto single particles, forcing them to fragment into new ones. (Nature sends particles from space every day with energies vastly greater than anything that can be produced in a machine. The trouble with those particles is that they are random and uncontrolled, though also a lot cheaper.)

The Higgs boson was trumpeted in many media reports as being the key to explaining why matter has mass -- but that was inaccurate and misleading. Instead it has helped explain why many elementary particles have the masses that they do, though an important exception is a lepton called the neutrino. Stars such as our sun emit neutrinos in enormous quantities -- many trillion will be passing harmlessly through your body right now -- and their indifference to ordinary matter makes them the dark kind. Yet neutrinos account for only a small fraction of the universe's total mass. Why they have any mass at all is a puzzle.

But the greatest question is simply why matter exists. Where did everything come from and how did its energy originate? Aristotle's answer was that there was no beginning -- matter must always have existed since you can't make something out of nothing. Mr. Tonelli asks us to imagine a large steel container from which all air is removed -- a vacuum in the ordinary sense of the word. Even if we could extract every single atom, he says, there would still be so many things remaining, such as hordes of passing neutrinos. Shielding out all of those would still not be enough; quantum mechanics dictates that there would always be particles inside, however fleeting. Empty space is never truly empty; it is a quantum vacuum with energy of its own.

Mr. Tonelli describes a further kind of energy, arising from the gravity that keeps us earthbound. An apple on a tree has what's known in high-school physics as potential energy. This is usually thought of as a positive quantity, but strictly speaking it is negative, and putting the minus sign back in leads to a startling thought. What if the positive energy of all the particles in the universe exactly balanced their negative potential energy? Then the total would be zero. We could suppose that the universe began as a random fluctuation in a quantum vacuum; one kind of nothing becoming another kind.

This is what Mr. Tonelli means by a magnificent illusion. Given the number of uncertainties in the calculation, it is not yet clear if the magic trick really works. But what his lively and informative book demonstrates is how much we know about the matter we are made of, and how little we know about the other stuff that constitutes most of the cosmos." [1]

1. REVIEW --- Books: The Nothing That Is Everything. Crumey, Andrew.  Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 18 Jan 2025: C9.