Price of oil could jump 100 percent. Political backlash would be significant. I would be concerned too.
"A complex effort by Ukraine’s allies
to deprive Russia of billions of dollars in oil revenue by putting a cap on the
price paid for its crude is reaching a crescendo this week.
European Union diplomats will meet
on Wednesday to try to set that price after discussions with the United States
and other Group of 7 industrialized nations, with two weeks to go before the
cap is scheduled to take effect.
The diplomats’ meeting in Brussels
will mark the last stage of implementing the policy that requires regulatory
and logistical alignment in the complicated business of ferrying the fuel out
of Russia to markets such as India and China.
The policy must be in place by Dec.
5, when the European Union’s near-total embargo on Russian oil begins, one of
many actions the bloc has taken to hobble Russia’s economy.
The idea behind setting a price cap
is to limit the revenue Russia can make from its oil exports while also
averting a shortage of the fuel, which would force prices up and compound a
cost-of-living crisis around world.
The way the G7 nations want to make
this work is by putting the burden of implementing and policing the price cap
on the businesses that help sell the oil: global shipping and insurance
companies, which are mostly based in Europe.
This is why the regulatory framework
to enforce this measure needs to be adopted in Europe as well as other G7
members such as the United States, Britain and Japan, which also host companies
active in transporting or insuring Russian oil.
E.U. ambassadors will need to
approve the price per barrel by unanimity. The decision is expected on
Wednesday, several diplomats said, but there could be delays.
Because the cap would require a
change in the European Union’s sanctions against Russia, unanimous consent
among the 27 E.U. nations on the price is needed.
Seven senior E.U. diplomats said
there was political support for the policy, but opinions differed on where the
price should be set. They spoke on condition of anonymity because they did not want
to upset ongoing talks.
The idea is to set the price high enough over the cost of
extracting oil to incentivize the Russians to continue selling, but low enough
to make a meaningful dent in the profits they earn.
The cost of extraction per barrel in
Russia is estimated between $12 and $20; Russian oil recently traded at nearly
$70 per barrel on the global markets. Treasury Secretary Janet L. Yellen and
several European diplomats have cited $60 per barrel as a potential price. But
E.U. diplomats from nations closer to Ukraine who take an even stauncher
pro-Ukraine line have indicated they would prefer a lower price.
The United States is letting the
European Union take the lead in determining a price that can win approval
there. A Treasury spokesman said that the United States has no plans to
privately propose a price to European partners.
Diplomats from Poland and its
neighbors in the Baltic Sea said they would also like to see the price cap come
with commitments for sanctions that would target still-protected European trade
with Russia, such as diamonds and fuel for nuclear
reactors.
The European Union embargo on Russian oil that kicks in on
Dec. 5 also includes a ban on European services to ship, finance or insure
Russian oil shipments to destinations outside the bloc, a measure that would
disable the infrastructure that moves Russia’s oil to buyers around the world.
To implement the price cap, these European shipping
providers will instead be permitted to transport Russian crude outside the bloc
only if the shipment complies with the price cap. In other words, it will be
left up to them to ensure that the Russian oil they are transporting or
insuring has been sold at or below the capped price; otherwise, they would be
held legally liable for violating sanctions.
These shipping industries at the
center of enforcing the price cap remain in the dark about the price and other
details about how the cap will work. The maritime insurance industry, which has
been skeptical about the idea from the start, said it would do its best to
comply.
Lars Lange, the secretary general of
the International Union of Marine Insurance, an industry association based in
Germany, said that wherever the price is set, providers would make certain that
insurance “is only granted for shipments below this price per unit.”
Rachel Ziemba, an adjunct senior fellow at the Center for a
New American Security, said that the G7 allies appear to have different
priorities in setting the price cap. The United States has been focused on
keeping Russian oil on the market, while the European Union wants to starve
Russia of as much revenue as possible.
A delay in setting a price could
disrupt the flow of Russian oil as the deadline approaches.
“The longer it is before there’s a
price released, the greater the risk is that more oil temporarily comes off
line because buyers will wait and see,” Ms. Ziemba said.
In an interview this month ahead of
the Group of 20 leaders summit in Bali, Ms. Yellen said that it has been
challenging for Europe to come to an agreement on the mechanics of the price
cap.
“It requires the agreement of a
large number of countries and the E.U. requires unanimity,” Ms. Yellen said,
adding that she is optimistic it will get done. “We’re actively working to set
it and certainly it will be done by Dec. 5 and hopefully before then.”
The United States has resisted
publicly proposing a price for the cap, preferring instead to set broad
parameters.
“We want to make sure it’s high
enough that they retain the motive to sell,” Ms. Yellen said. “We don’t want it
to be economically beneficial for them to just shut it in.”
Biden administration officials say
they are confident that the proposal has already achieved one key goal —
soothing oil traders ahead of a possibly large disruption as sanctions come online.
Oil prices have been drifting lower
in recent weeks, and on Monday some briefly fell to their lowest level since
January, before Russia invaded Ukraine. U.S. officials read those prices as a
sign that traders are not worried about Russia pulling millions of barrels off
the market next month.
Keeping oil flowing — and minimizing
the risk of another oil price spike — has always been the Biden
administration’s primary goal with the price cap plan. Denying revenues to
Russia, would be an additional and welcome benefit for Mr. Biden.”
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