“Propaganda
By Edward Bernays (1928)
1. Ten years after World War I, a decade during which governments began to mobilize public opinion on an unprecedented scale, Edward Bernays offered "Propaganda," a remarkably frank guide to mass persuasion. Bernays, a publicity consultant who pioneered the idea of a public-relations campaign, opens his book with the claim that "the conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society." Propaganda, he argues, could be a tool to regulate and benefit the body politic. It advanced causes he favored -- he notes that activists for women's rights, armed with what he called the "weapon of propaganda," had "made their influence felt on city councils, state legislatures, and national congresses." But even if Bernays was sanguine about the use of propaganda, his own enthusiasm points at its dangers: Those who manipulate "this unseen mechanism of society," he writes, will become an "invisible government."
How to Win an Information War
By Peter Pomerantsev (2024)
2. Peter Pomerantsev's "How to Win an Information War" tells the story of Sefton Delmer, "the propagandist who outwitted Hitler." Delmer, a British-Australian journalist, attended school in Germany and interviewed Hitler in 1931. Once war with Nazi Germany began, Delmer was recruited to run what Mr. Pomerantsev describes as Britain's "empire of tricks" against the Third Reich. Delmer's mission was to undermine enemy morale and induce uncertainty among Nazi leadership while ensuring his messages didn't betray their true source. This called for the creation of fake messengers, and Delmer invented some absolute stunners. Most colorful, perhaps, was a broadcast persona known as Der Chef. In 1941 Der Chef began delivering a salacious mix of gossip and foulmouthed fake news to German listeners over shortwave radio. He was supposedly a disaffected Hitler loyalist who exposed corruption, incompetence, hypocrisy and sexual depravity among the Nazi elite. Der Chef was voiced by German exiles under Delmer's watchful eye.
"How to Win an Information War" raises an important and timeless issue: the risks for a democracy when it begins to tell lies [1].
The Deception Game
By Ladislav Bittman (1972)
3. Soviet-aligned intelligence services waged what they called active measures long before the world had heard of troll farms and deepfakes. Few people understood this effort better than Ladislav Bittman, a senior propagandist in the Czechoslovakian intelligence service who defected to the West in 1968. His memoir, "The Deception Game," reveals these dirty tricks in a rare eyewitness account of how states work to gain what is now called an information advantage. One of Bittman's most startling ploys, Operation Neptune, attempted to smear West German politicians as former Nazi collaborators. His team planted fabricated papers naming the targets in a submerged chest in a Czech lake near the German border before "discovering" them in 1964. Other operations sought to make the U.S. a scapegoat for the world's troubles. In one scheme, Bittman and his colleagues "concentrated on preparing and distributing forged documents to selected African politicians." These implicated the U.S. in a plot to overthrow the Tanzanian government and generated anti-American press coverage across the continent. In true authoritarian style, all of this played out with cold mundanity. "A workday in the disinformation factory," according to Bittman, "consisted of study, analysis, discussions, and meetings" -- followed by plenty of paperwork.
The Cultural Cold War
By Frances Stonor Saunders (2000)
4. Frances Stonor Saunders's "The Cultural Cold War" moves beyond outright falsehoods and forgeries to reveal how the Central Intelligence Agency secretly supported a wide-ranging collection of artists and intellectuals between 1947 and 1967.
Drawing on archives, interviews and forensic analysis, she makes the case that the agency's efforts were not confined to obscure institutions. It funded tours by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, film adaptations of George Orwell's "Animal Farm" and "1984," and translations of T.S. Eliot's poetry. She even suggests that the CIA helped launch the Abstract Expressionist movement, which included Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko.
The aim was to expand U.S. influence in Europe, promote ideas suppressed behind the Iron Curtain and, more specifically, expose Soviet culture as staid and doctrinaire. Critics have argued that Ms. Saunders overplayed the agency's power, presenting a simplistic top-down model of hidden manipulation. If the CIA operated indirectly, often several steps removed from the artists who produced imaginative work in which they believed, it's unclear how much credit -- or blame -- the agency deserved.
The Stasi Poetry Circle
By Philip Oltermann (2022)
5. Despite their serious intent, some disinformation operations wind up close to farce. Philip Oltermann's "The Stasi Poetry Circle" relates the absurdly true story of spies who became poets in an attempt to win the Cold War. In 1982, East Germany's feared and formidable secret police, the Stasi, used a creative-writing class to train its intelligence officers. It believed this would improve their ability to detect subversive literature and publish anthologies of their own, all with the goal, in the words of the group's leader, Uwe Berger, "of boosting the masses' hunger for victory." Berger, a former informant known, according to Mr. Oltermann, for his "monkish asceticism," embodied a "sense of poetic mission" -- though his own verse talents were minimal. Some of the scenes the author dredges up from his deep trawl through Stasi archives are bizarre. Month after month, spies secretly met in a secure compound to discuss rhyme schemes, structural forms and heroic odes. Berger's star recruit was Alexander Ruika, a talented young poet. But soon enough Berger spotted hints of dissent in Ruika's poems, which proved too genuine to fit the Stasi's program. Beneath the ridiculousness lies a serious point about an authoritarian system, obsessed with order, seeking the power of a creativity it also fears." [2]
1. 1. And can't stop.
2. REVIEW --- Books -- Five Best: Rory Cormac: Propaganda and Deception --- The author of 'Fakers' on the secret and sometimes elaborate government campaigns in which misinformation is a weapon. Cormac, Rory. Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.. 15 Aug 2026: C8.